Txhawm rau pab txhawb kev nyeem tau ntawm cov tshooj tom ntej hauv phau ntawv no, ntawm no yog qee qhov tseem ceeb disk array cia cov ntsiab lus. Txhawm rau tswj qhov compactness ntawm tshooj, cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws yuav tsis muab.
SCSI:
Luv luv rau Me Computer System Interface, nws tau pib tsim nyob rau hauv 1979 raws li ib qho kev sib txuas thev naus laus zis rau cov khoos phis tawj me tab sis tam sim no tau raug xa mus rau cov PCs li niaj zaus nrog kev nce qib ntawm kev siv tshuab computer.
ATA (AT Attachment):
Kuj tseem hu ua IDE, qhov kev sib txuas no tau tsim los txuas lub tsheb npav ntawm AT lub khoos phis tawj tsim tawm xyoo 1984 ncaj qha rau cov tsav tsheb sib xyaw thiab cov tswj hwm. Lub "AT" hauv ATA yog los ntawm AT lub computer, uas yog thawj zaug siv ISA tsheb npav.
Serial ATA (SATA):
Nws ntiav cov ntaub ntawv hloov chaw, xa ib qho me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ib lub voj voog moos. Thaum ATA hard drives ib txwm siv cov qauv hloov mus rau tib lub sijhawm, uas tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam rau cov teeb liab cuam tshuam thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg thaum lub sijhawm hloov cov ntaub ntawv ceev, SATA daws qhov teeb meem no los ntawm kev siv serial hloov hom nrog tsuas yog 4-xaim cable.
NAS (Network Attached Storage):
Nws txuas cov cuab yeej cia rau ib pawg ntawm cov khoos phis tawj siv tus qauv network topology xws li Ethernet. NAS yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem khaws cia txhawm rau hais txog qhov kev xav tau loj zuj zus ntxiv kom muaj peev xwm khaws cia hauv cov pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab cov koom haum qib siab.
DAS (Direct Attached Storage):
Nws hais txog kev txuas cov khoom siv ncaj qha mus rau lub computer los ntawm SCSI lossis Fiber Channel interfaces. DAS cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov khoom siv khaws cia thiab cov servers yooj yim sib xyaw ua ke uas tuaj yeem ua txhua yam haujlwm ntsig txog kev nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tswj hwm.
SAN (Storage Area Network):
Nws txuas mus rau ib pawg ntawm cov khoos phis tawj los ntawm Fiber Channel. SAN muab kev sib txuas ntau tus tswv tsev tab sis tsis siv cov txheej txheem network topologies. SAN tsom rau kev daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntsig txog kev khaws cia hauv cov chaw lag luam-qib ib puag ncig thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw muaj peev xwm cia siab.
Array:
Nws hais txog lub kaw lus disk uas muaj ntau lub disks uas ua haujlwm sib luag. Tus RAID maub los muab ntau lub disks rau hauv ib qho array siv nws cov SCSI channel. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, ib qho array yog lub kaw lus disk uas muaj ntau lub disks uas ua haujlwm ua ke nyob rau hauv parallel. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov disks raug xaiv los ua cov khoom kub tsis tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv ib qho array.
Array Spanning:
Nws suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw cia ntawm ob, peb, lossis plaub lub disk arrays los tsim kom muaj lub laj thawj tsav nrog qhov chaw khaws cia tas mus li. RAID controllers tuaj yeem hla ntau qhov arrays, tab sis txhua qhov array yuav tsum muaj tib tus lej ntawm cov disks thiab tib qib RAID. Piv txwv li, RAID 1, RAID 3, thiab RAID 5 tuaj yeem raug ncua los ua RAID 10, RAID 30, thiab RAID 50, raws li.
Cache Txoj Cai:
Nws hais txog lub tswv yim caching ntawm RAID maub los, uas tuaj yeem yog Cached I / O lossis Direct I / O. Cached I/O siv nyeem thiab sau cov tswv yim thiab feem ntau caches cov ntaub ntawv thaum nyeem. Direct I/O, ntawm qhov tod tes, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ncaj qha los ntawm disk tshwj tsis yog ib chav tsev cov ntaub ntawv rov qab nkag mus, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws siv lub tswv yim nyeem nruab nrab thiab caches cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho random nyeem scenarios, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv yog cached.
Peev Xwm Expansion:
Thaum qhov kev xaiv muaj peev xwm virtual tau teeb tsa kom muaj nyob rau hauv RAID maub los qhov kev siv hluav taws xob nrawm, tus maub los tsim qhov chaw virtual disk, tso cai rau lub cev ntxiv kom nthuav dav rau hauv qhov chaw virtual los ntawm kev tsim kho dua tshiab. Kev tsim kho tsuas yog tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm ib qho kev xav tau hauv ib qho array nkaus xwb, thiab kev nthuav dav hauv online tsis tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib qho kev nthuav dav.
Channel:
Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev siv hluav taws xob siv los hloov cov ntaub ntawv thiab tswj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ob lub disk tswj.
Hom ntawv:
Nws yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sau xoom ntawm txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cev disk (hard drive). Formatting yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev nkaus xwb uas tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev kuaj xyuas qhov nruab nrab ntawm disk thiab cim qhov tsis tau nyeem thiab tsis zoo. Txij li feem ntau cov hard drives twb formatted ntawm lub Hoobkas, formatting tsuas yog tsim nyog thaum disk yuam kev tshwm sim.
Kub Spare:
Thaum lub active disk tam sim no tsis ua hauj lwm, ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm, powered-on spare disk tam sim ntawd hloov lub ua tsis tau tejyam disk. Txoj kev no yog hu ua kub sparing. Kub spare disks tsis khaws cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab mus txog yim disks tuaj yeem raug xaiv los ua cov khoom kub. Ib qho kub spare disk tuaj yeem mob siab rau ib qho kev rov ua dua tshiab lossis ua ib feem ntawm lub pas dej kub spare disk rau tag nrho cov array. Thaum lub disk tsis ua hauj lwm tshwm sim, lub firmware ntawm tus maub los yuav hloov lub disk tsis ua hauj lwm nrog ib tug kub spare disk thiab reconstructs cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ua tsis tau tejyam disk mus rau lub kub spare disk. Cov ntaub ntawv tsuas tuaj yeem rov tsim kho dua los ntawm qhov rov ua dua qhov kev xav tau (tshwj tsis yog RAID 0), thiab cov khoom siv kub kub yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txaus. Tus thawj tswj hwm lub cev tuaj yeem hloov qhov tsis ua tiav disk thiab xaiv qhov hloov disk raws li cov khoom kub tshiab.
Kub Swap Disk Module:
Kub swap hom tso cai rau cov thawj tswj hwm los hloov qhov ua tsis tiav disk tsis tau kaw lub server lossis cuam tshuam cov kev pabcuam hauv network. Txij li thaum tag nrho cov kev sib txuas ntawm lub zog thiab cov kab hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov neeg rau zaub mov rov qab, kev sib pauv kub tsuas yog tshem tawm cov disk los ntawm lub tawb tsav, uas yog cov txheej txheem ncaj qha. Tom qab ntawd, qhov hloov kub swap disk yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov. Kub swap tshuab tsuas yog ua haujlwm hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm RAID 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, thiab 50.
I2O (Intelligent Input/Output):
I2O yog ib qho kev lag luam qauv tsim rau cov tswv yim / tso zis subsystems uas tsis muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm network thiab tsis xav tau kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud. I2O siv cov kev pab cuam tsav tsheb uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua Cov Kev Pabcuam Kev Ua Haujlwm (OSMs) thiab Kho vajtse Device Modules (HDMs).
Initialization:
Nws yog tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sau ntawv xoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cheeb tsam ntawm lub logical tsav thiab tsim cov khoom sib xws kom coj cov logical tsav mus rau hauv lub xeev npaj. Initialization tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv yav dhau los thiab ua kom muaj kev sib luag, yog li lub logical tsav tau kuaj xyuas qhov sib xws thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no. Ib qho array uas tsis tau pib siv tsis tau vim nws tseem tsis tau tsim qhov sib luag thiab yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws.
IOP (I / O Processor):
Tus Txheej Txheem I/O yog qhov chaw hais kom ua ntawm RAID maub los, lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm, cov ntaub ntawv hloov mus rau PCI thiab SCSI tsheb npav, RAID ua, disk drive rov tsim kho, tswj cache, thiab rov ua yuam kev.
Logical Drive:
Nws yog hais txog lub virtual tsav nyob rau hauv ib qho array uas muaj peev xwm tuav tau ntau tshaj ib lub cev disk. Logical drives faib cov disks nyob rau hauv ib qho array lossis ib qho spanned array rau hauv qhov chaw khaws cia tsis tu ncua faib thoob plaws tag nrho cov disks hauv array. RAID maub los tuaj yeem teeb tsa txog 8 lub logical drives ntawm cov peev txheej sib txawv, nrog tsawg kawg yog ib qho kev xav tau ntawm ib qho kev sib tw. Kev tawm tswv yim / tso zis tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog thaum lub logical tsav online.
Logical Volume:
Nws yog ib tug virtual disk tsim los ntawm logical drives, tseem hu ua disk partitions.
Mirroring:
Nws yog ib hom redundancy uas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug disk yog mirrored rau lwm disk. RAID 1 thiab RAID 10 siv mirroring.
Parity:
Hauv kev khaws cia thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv, parity suav nrog ntxiv me ntsis ntxiv rau ib byte los kuaj xyuas qhov yuam kev. Nws feem ntau tsim cov ntaub ntawv rov ua dua los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua cov ntaub ntawv qub, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv qub los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv parity tsis yog ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qub.
Hauv RAID, txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv rau tag nrho cov disks hauv ib qho array. Parity kuj tseem tuaj yeem faib thoob plaws txhua qhov disks hauv qhov system hauv kev teeb tsa parity tshwj xeeb. Yog tias lub disk tsis ua tiav, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav disk tuaj yeem rov tsim dua siv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lwm cov disks thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib luag.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-12-2023
