Taw qhia rau Server Overall Architecture

Lub server yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub subsystems, txhua tus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab tus neeg rau zaub mov kev ua haujlwm. Qee qhov subsystems tseem ceeb dua rau kev ua haujlwm nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov uas tus neeg rau zaub mov tau siv rau.

Cov servers subsystems muaj xws li:

1. Processor thiab Cache
Lub processor yog lub plawv ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov, lub luag haujlwm los tuav yuav luag txhua qhov kev hloov pauv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev subsystem, thiab muaj ib tug ntau misconception tias ceev processors yog ib txwm zoo dua los tshem tawm cov kev ua tau zoo bottlenecks.

Ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa hauv servers, processors feem ntau muaj zog dua li lwm cov subsystems. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ob peb daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv tau qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem niaj hnub xws li P4 lossis 64-ntsis processors.

Piv txwv li, cov qauv neeg rau zaub mov classic zoo li cov ntaub ntawv servers tsis muaj kev vam khom rau cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ntau vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khiav tsheb siv Direct Memory Access (DMA) thev naus laus zis los hla cov processor, nyob ntawm lub network, nco, thiab hard disk subsystems rau kev nkag mus.

Niaj hnub no, Intel muaj ntau yam processors customized rau X-series servers. To taub qhov sib txawv thiab qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam processors yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Cache, nruj me ntsis suav tias yog ib feem ntawm lub cim xeeb subsystem, yog lub cev ua ke nrog lub processor. CPU thiab cache ua haujlwm zoo ua ke, nrog cache ua haujlwm ntawm ib nrab ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub processor lossis sib npaug.

2. PCI Bus
Lub tsheb npav PCI yog cov kav dej rau kev tawm tswv yim thiab cov ntaub ntawv tawm hauv cov servers. Txhua X-series servers siv lub npav PCI (xws li PCI-X thiab PCI-E) los txuas cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li SCSI thiab hard disks. High-end servers feem ntau muaj ntau lub tsheb npav PCI thiab ntau lub PCI slots piv rau cov qauv dhau los.

Advanced PCI tsheb npav suav nrog cov thev naus laus zis xws li PCI-X 2.0 thiab PCI-E, uas muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua thiab muaj peev xwm sib txuas. PCI nti txuas lub CPU thiab cache rau PCI tsheb npav. Cov txheej txheem no tswj hwm kev sib txuas ntawm PCI tsheb npav, processor, thiab lub cim xeeb subsystems kom ua kom tag nrho cov kev ua tau zoo.

3. Nco
Nco ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm server. Yog tias tus neeg rau zaub mov tsis muaj lub cim xeeb txaus, nws qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, vim tias lub operating system xav tau khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv hauv lub cim xeeb, tab sis qhov chaw tsis txaus, ua rau cov ntaub ntawv stagnation ntawm hard disk.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv architecture ntawm lub tuam txhab X-series server yog nco mirroring, uas txhim kho redundancy thiab txhaum kam rau ua. Qhov no IBM nco tshuab yog kwv yees li RAID-1 rau hard disks, qhov chaw nco muab faib ua mirrored pawg. Lub mirroring muaj nuj nqi yog kho vajtse-raws li, yuav tsum tsis muaj kev txhawb ntxiv los ntawm lub operating system.

4. Hard Disk
Los ntawm tus thawj coj txoj kev xav, lub hard disk subsystem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm server. Hauv cov txheej txheem hierarchical ntawm cov khoom siv hauv online (cache, nco, hard disk), hard disk yog qhov qeeb tshaj plaws tab sis muaj peev xwm loj tshaj plaws. Rau ntau daim ntawv thov neeg rau zaub mov, yuav luag tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia rau hauv hard disk, ua kom ceev ceev hard disk subsystem tseem ceeb.

RAID feem ntau yog siv los nce qhov chaw cia hauv servers. Txawm li cas los xij, RAID arrays cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm server. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qib RAID sib txawv los txhais cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov disks cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab qhov chaw cia thiab cov ntaub ntawv sib luag sib txawv. IBM's ServeRAID array cards thiab IBM Fiber Channel phaib muab kev xaiv los siv ntau qib RAID, txhua tus nrog nws cov kev teeb tsa tshwj xeeb.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tau zoo yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov hard disks hauv qhov teeb tsa array: ntau disks, qhov zoo dua qhov kev xa tawm. Kev nkag siab txog yuav ua li cas RAID tswj I/O cov lus thov ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom zoo dua.

Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, xws li SATA thiab SAS, tam sim no tau siv los txhim kho kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ntseeg tau.

5. Network
Lub network adapter yog lub interface uas lub server sib txuas lus nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam no, lub network muaj zog subsystem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov server ua haujlwm.

Kev tsim network yog qhov tseem ceeb sib npaug li tus tsim server. Hloov pauv faib cov ntu sib txawv lossis kev siv thev naus laus zis zoo li ATM yog qhov tsim nyog xav txog.

Gigabit network phaib tam sim no tau siv dav hauv cov servers los muab qhov tsim nyog tau txais txiaj ntsig siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab xws li TCP Offload Cav (TOE) kom ua tiav 10G tus nqi kuj tseem nyob ntawm ntug.

6. Daim npav duab
Cov zaub subsystem hauv servers yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb vim nws tsuas yog siv thaum cov thawj coj yuav tsum tswj hwm lub server. Cov neeg siv khoom yeej tsis siv daim npav kos duab, yog li kev ua haujlwm ntawm server tsis tshua muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau lub subsystem no.

7. Kev Ua Haujlwm
Peb xav txog cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system raws li ib tug muaj peev xwm bottleneck, ib yam li lwm yam hard disk subsystems. Hauv kev khiav hauj lwm xws li Windows, Linux, ESX Server, thiab NetWare, muaj cov kev teeb tsa uas tuaj yeem hloov tau los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm server.

Cov kev ua tau zoo-txiav txim siab subsystems nyob ntawm tus neeg rau zaub mov daim ntawv thov. Kev txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev sau thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm no tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav ib zaug, vim tias cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem sib txawv nrog cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm pabcuam, tejzaum nws nyob rau ib hnub lossis txhua lub limtiam.


Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-20-2023